Classic Eventing Nation

EN’s 12 Days of Christmas: Win a Pair of Tredstep Ireland Azzura Pro Breeches!

Graphic via Tredstep Ireland. Graphic via Tredstep Ireland.

It’s beginning to look a lot like Christmas here at EN, and we’re sharing the love today thanks to Tredstep Ireland, who is generously offering up a pair of Symphony Azzura Pro Breeches as the second prize in our 12 Days of Christmas giveaways.

The Azzura Pro is a stylish but functional breech that can easily take you from the schooling ring right into the show ring. A part of the Symphony line, Azzura Pro presents the latest technologically advanced materials in the form of silicone, which is integrated into the knee patch. This provides an enhanced grip and shields from saddle friction while increasing flexibility and movement in the knee area.

Treated with Schoeller Nanosphere self-cleaning technology, Azzura Pro is perfect for riders both in and out of the ring. These breeches also feature Tredstep’s Motion Fit design combined with Tredstep Evolution fabric. This results in a range of high performance breeches which are dynamic yet traditional, stylish and beautiful.

Simply use the Rafflecopter widget to submit your entry! Remember, these are one day only giveaways, so be sure to get your entry in before midnight tonight. We’ll announce the winner in tomorrow’s Links post. Good luck!

Disclaimer: Information given in the Rafflecopter widget, including email addresses, may be shared with the corresponding sponsor at their request. You will also be signed up for our weekly EN eNews email newsletter, if you aren’t already. Don’t worry — you’ll just wonder what you’ve been missing out on — and you can unsubscribe if you don’t want it.

Saturday Links from Tipperary

Marty, playing in the snow. Photo from Stacy Meredith's Facebook page Marty, playing in the snow. Photo from Stacy Meredith's Facebook page

Last Sunday, my husband asked me what I wanted for the holidays this year. I did my best to look thoughtful and not blurt out the most expensive item on my wish list right away. Instead, I managed to play it cool and say “I haven’t put much thought to it, really. What about you? Have your eye on anything in particular?” He waffled a bit before naming off a few relatively mundane items – a new beard trimmer, one of those sausage/cracker/cheese gift baskets, socks – and then he went for the big ticket item: a new set of drums. I let my eyebrows drift upward and nodded, telling him I’d see what I could do. Guess I can put those new tall boots on my list after all!

Saturday Links: 

Congratulations to Alayna Pastuck, the first winner from our EN’s 12 Days of Christmas giveaways! Alayna will take home a sweet prize package from Absorbine. Congratulations! [EN’s 12 Days of Christmas: Absorbine]

Congratulations are also in order for Ashley Harvey, the winner of this week’s Fab Freebie! We’re super jelly of Ashley, who will receive a Flexible Fit Equestrian bridle as her prize! [Fab Freebie: Flexible Fit Equestrian]

Horse falls on girl in Arizona

Mounted patrol horse killed in accident with concrete truck

Witness: Zetas’ involvement in horse racing went back more than a decade

Florida farm on the verge of closure

Four exercises to increase rider fitness and horse comfort

How horses heal our emotional wounds

Saturday Video: GM was recently in Northern California. Sadly, I could not make it out to audit. As someone who’s had a few horses who struggled with flying changes, this is one of my favorite GM bits of wisdom.

What You Need to Know From Day 2 of the USEA Convention

Jon Holling speaks in the XC Course Design &
Fence Construction
Safety Task Force meeting at the USEA Convention this afternoon. Photo by Jenni Autry. Jon Holling speaks in the XC Course Design & Fence Construction Safety Task Force meeting at the USEA Convention this afternoon. Photo by Jenni Autry.

It’s been another busy day at the USEA Annual Meeting & Convention in Washington, D.C., during which we celebrated this year’s top horses and riders and special award recipients and in the Year-End Awards Luncheon (click here for a photo gallery). U.S. Coach David O’Connor also outlined his proposed 2016 plan for the Land Rover U.S. Eventing Team. Read on for more of what happened today.

New Modified division one step closer to being approved

The Eventing Technical Committee approved the new Modified division in its meeting this afternoon. This new level is designed to provide a stepping stone from Training to Preliminary level. The Modified division still needs to move forward to the USEF for approval before being officially implemented.

The USEA and USEF have sent a proposal to the FEI to replace the CH-Y2* at the North American Junior & Young Rider Championships with a CICO2* team competition. This is the first time a CICO would be held at the two-star level and details are still being worked out, but the FEI has recognized that North America’s geographical position provides unique difficulties for international team competitions.

The CICO format would allow the team competition to be held among areas regardless of the participation of another country. In addition, this team competition would set the framework for allowing teams from non-North American countries to participate in the future. The age limit of 21 would still be enforced, but riders would only need to obtain an MER at the CIC2* level to qualify. The Junior Championship would run concurrently and continue as a CH-J* Championship.

A significant percentage of U.S. FEI officials are set to age out in the next five years, leaving only one 3/4* technical delegate and five 3/4* judges. Organizers have been asked to make an effort to hire a less experienced official to work beside a more experienced official in an attempt to grow the number of international judges from the U.S. Another hurdle for potential officials is the prohibitive cost of education and testing, which can add up quickly.

Why you shouldn’t pass up PRO’s accident and disability insurance

The PRO Annual Meeting opened with a word from PRO President Allison Springer, followed by a presentation on fitness training in eventers from Dr. Joe Pagan at Kentucky Equine Research showing how KER ClockIt Sport can be used to assess your horse’s fitness.

Caroline Martin and Karri Bellamy reported on the Prelim to PRO program they spearheaded in March. PRO’s junior membership has increased from 27 to 45 in the last year.

Max Corcoran and Sam Burton Henley discussed the Equine Management Training Program and encouraged PRO members to get involved by promoting this training program for professional grooms and barn managers by offering on-site internships and housing for participants.

PRO Executive Board member Mark Hart brought up the accident and disability insurance offered to PRO members through Zurich Insurance. Mark encouraged PRO members to take advantage of the insurance benefits, which can be hugely helpful to riders who suffer an injury.

Will Faudree, who is recovering from a neck injury sustained in a fall earlier this year, shared his personal experience and said the insurance he received through PRO was critical to him being able to cover the staggering costs of his surgery and subsequent recovery. For 2016, Executive Director Samantha Lendl has worked with Zurich to allow for the annual premium to be paid in two installments.

Collegiate eventing steadily growing in the U.S.

The USEA Intercollegiate Eventing Program, which was created in 2014, is growing rapidly with excitement and support from the collegiate eventing community. It was recently announced that Virginia Horse Trials will host an Intercollegiate Eventing Team Championships in 2016, which will be open to all affiliated schools in the first year.

The USEA has 137 collegiate members, who receive a $25 discount on their USEA membership, and there are 31 colleges and university affiliate memberships from around the country, with six of ten areas represented and more schools being added all the time.

The collegiate program now has leaderboards for every division. The leaderboards were started halfway through the year, and Rob says they are still working out the kinks, but he expects that next year the program will recognize individuals and teams during the year-end awards at the USEA Convention.

Free jumping for Future Event Horses: Start early and take it slow

Robin Walker led a discussion on free jumping, which was added to the Future Event Horse Championships for 3-year-olds on the East Coast this year. With this being the first year of using free jumping in the championships, it became apparent that some handlers were not familiar enough with handling young horses in a show environment.

Robin explained what is expected by the judges in the free jumping portion and how handlers should prepare their horses for success. He made it very clear that getting a horse ready for the chute would be different from horse to horse, with the best results coming from those that start early and take it slow. He also noted that 2015 saw a greater number of horses participating in the FEH program .

Many thanks to EN superstars Leslie Threlkeld, Maggie Deatrick and Dave Taylor for contributing to this report. Don’t forget to catch up on photos over on EN’s Instagram, and click here to read all of our #USEAConvention coverage so far. Stay tuned for much more.

USEA Convention Links: WebsiteScheduleEN’s CoverageEN’s TwitterEN’s Instagram

Friday Video from World Equestrian Brands: More Pole Exercises to Spice Up Training

Leichtes Training um die Pferde auch durch den Winter fit zu halten..Easy training for the horses…Entraînement facile d’hiver pour les chevaux….

Posted by Horsephysio on Friday, November 27, 2015

We recently found a few new pole exercises that may be helpful to add to your winter (or any season!) training routine. Here’s another one to add to the mix from Horsephysio. Featuring both diagrams as well as demonstrations, this video contains several new tools for you and your horse.

Enjoy these exercises, and be sure to let us know how they work for you!

Memorable Moments at the USEA Year-End Awards Luncheon

We’ve just wrapped up the Year-End Awards Luncheon at the USEA Annual Meeting and Convention in Washington, D.C. The awards are always a bittersweet ceremony as we celebrate our friends in the sport who have succeeded in their endeavors and honor those we love and have lost. These are just a few of the many memorable moments that stuck out to us today.

Tamie Smith won the $30,000 Rebecca Broussard Developing Rider Grant. Tamie won the $10,000 Developing Rider Grant in 2012, which she credited it as a turning point in her career. This was supposed to be the last year of the Rebecca Broussard Developing Rider and Travel Grants, but Jerome Broussard announced today that he will continue awarding these grants in the coming years. Mai Baum, ridden by Tamie and owned by the Ahearn family and Eric Markell won the Overall Horse of the Year Award. Photo by Leslie Threlkeld.

Tamie Smith won the $30,000 Rebecca Broussard Developing Rider Grant. Tamie won the $10,000 Developing Rider Grant in 2012, which she credited it as a turning point in her career. This was supposed to be the last year of the Rebecca Broussard Developing Rider and Travel Grants, but Jerome Broussard announced today that he will continue awarding these grants in the coming years. Mai Baum, ridden by Tamie and owned by the Ahearn family and Eric Markell won the Overall Horse of the Year Award. Photo by Leslie Threlkeld.

Heather Morris and the Team Express Syndicate's Charlie Tango are the first to receive the $25,000 R. Bruce Duchossois, which was announced at the Convention last year in memory of the late Bruce Duchossois. This grant is given to a one- or two-star horse that shows U.S. team potential. Photo by Leslie Threlkeld.

Heather Morris and the Team Express Syndicate’s Charlie Tango (Intermediate Horse of the Year) are the first to receive the $25,000 Connaught Grant, which was announced at the Convention last year in memory of the late Bruce Duchossois. This grant is given to a one- or two-star horse that shows U.S. team potential. Photo by Leslie Threlkeld.

Amy Barrington won the Ironmaster Award, which is given to an individual that exemplifies fortitude and courage. Photo by Leslie Threlkeld.

Amy Barrington won the Ironmaster Award, which is given to an individual that exemplifies fortitude and courage. Amy suffered a traumatic brain injury after a riding accident in 2013 and recovered to return and remain active in the sport. Photo by Leslie Threlkeld.

Henry Glick accepts the Governors Cup for his late wife Seema Sonnad. Photo by Leslie Threlkeld.

Henry Glick accepts the Governors Cup for his late wife Seema Sonnad. The Governors Cup honors volunteers who dedicate themselves to the sport. Photo by Leslie Threlkeld.

The Pollards' Trakehner stallion Halimey is the first horse to be honored with the new Stallion of the Year Award. Photo by Leslie Threlkeld.

The Pollards’ Trakehner stallion Halimey is the first horse to be honored with the new Stallion of the Year Award. Photo by Leslie Threlkeld.

Kyra Stuart and Heidi Vahue received the Andrew H. Popiel Memorial Trophy, which acknowledges an event organizer's commitment to the sport. Kyra (pictured) and Heidi organized the Stuart Horse Trials for 26 years and announced this year that 2015 would be the event's last year. Photo by Leslie Threlkeld.

Kyra Stuart and Heidi Vahue received the Andrew H. Popiel Memorial Trophy, which acknowledges an event organizer’s commitment to the sport. Kyra (pictured with USEA CEO Jo Whitehouse) and Heidi organized the Stuart Horse Trials for 26 years and announced recently that 2015 would be the event’s last year. Photo by Leslie Threlkeld.

Caroline Martin is the USEA Young Rider of the Year for a record fourth consecutive year. Photo by Leslie Threlkeld.

Caroline Martin is the USEA Young Rider of the Year for a record fourth consecutive year. Caroline is also the Advanced Young Adult, Intermediate Young Rider and Preliminary Young Adult Rider of the Year. Photo by Leslie Threlkeld.

Brian and Penny Ross, who ran the Virginia Horse Trials for 25 years and stepped down last year,  received the USEA President's Award for lifetime service to the sport. Photo by Leslie Threlkeld.

Brian and Penny Ross, who ran the Virginia Horse Trials for 25 years and stepped down last year, received the USEA President’s Award for lifetime service to the sport. Photo by Leslie Threlkeld.

Click here for a complete list of Appreciation and Year-End Awards given today. Congratulations to everyone!

David O’Connor Outlines Proposed 2016 Plan for U.S. Eventing Team

A view of the hills beyond the Fairy Fort complex at Millstreet. Photo by Marianne Van Pelt.

Millstreet CCI3* in Ireland will be a new targeted event for Team USA in 2016. Photo by Marianne Van Pelt.

David O’Connor outlined his proposed 2016 plan for the U.S. eventing team as we look ahead to the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro in today’s session for the High Performance riders at the 2015 USEA Annual Meeting & Convention in Washington, D.C.

The proposed plan is still pending approval by the USEF Eventing High Performance Committee, which meets later this afternoon. If the committee approves the plan, Team USA will look to target the following overseas events next year: Tattersalls (but only as a back-up CCI3*), Bramham, Aachen, Millstreet, Burghley, Blenheim and Boekelo.

Tattersalls, which is usually held at the end of May, had originally been tapped as a key targeted event for Team USA in 2016, but that’s changed with it falling a week later on June 2-5 next season. David is now seeing Tattersalls as more of a back-up option due to the later date, which places the event just nine weeks before the Olympics.

Bramham is another event that Team USA has been targeting more in recent years, but it’s likely not going to have as much emphasis next year due to the fact that it falls on the same week as Bromont (June 8-12). It does still appear on David’s proposed plan for 2016 and is one of the final U.S. selection trials for the Olympics.

Aachen CICO is back to its usual spot on the calendar and will be held on July 14 and 15 next year. That’s a week after the inaugural U.S. Nations Cup leg at Great Meadow, which will serve as a mandatory outing for the riders that are named to the U.S. Olympic team.

While Aachen won’t be a targeted event for the Olympic team horses, it will still play a key role in next year’s High Performance plan. “It’s realistically one of the best horse shows in the world. You feel like you’re going to a major games every time you go,” David said. “This isn’t a developing trip. You’ve got to go there with an A-game.”

The show jumping for eventing at Aachen was held in a smaller grass field this year due to the event running concurrently with the FEI European Championships in other disciplines, but the show jumping will be back in the impressive main stadium next year.

 “There’s a lot of atmosphere, and the cross country feels very fast. It’s an aggressive, fast course,” David said. “It has it’s own pressure, and it’s good for us to be in a team environment under that pressure.”

David is proposing that the team use Millstreet’s new CCI3* as a developing trip for less experienced overseas competitors. The event is held in Ireland and scheduled for August 24-28 next year. Mike Etherington-Smith has built a top-notch cross country course there; click here to read comments from him in a Millstreet feature we ran earlier in the year.

Burghley, Blenheim and Boekelo are all events where we regularly see U.S. riders compete, and we’ll see Team USA at these competitions once again in 2016. You’ll notice that Pau is not on the plan for targeted events; since it falls on the same weekend as Fair Hill next year, it won’t be a focus for the team.

Other Olympic Tidbits

  • The U.S. team will be named June 20. The mandatory outing for the team will take place at Great Meadow on July 9 and 10. The horses will ship out of Miami on July 28 or 29.
  • The U.S. team will stay in the Olympic Village in order to keep them in a competitive, focused atmosphere.
  • The track where Pierre Michelet is building the Rio cross country course has minimal terrain, with just one hill at the beginning of the course. The course has about 20 turns, two of which are hairpin turns. “It’s a straight-up Michelet way of going — a handy, nippy course,” David said.

Rolex and Badminton Will Not Enforce Stricter CCI4* Qualifications for 2016 Events

Colleen Rutledge and Covert Rights. Photo courtesy of Rare Air Photography. Colleen Rutledge and Covert Rights. Photo courtesy of Rare Air Photography.

Rolex and Badminton confirmed to EN today that both events will not enforce the FEI’s new CCI4* qualification requirements for the 2016 competitions. The new qualifications will come into effect on July 1, 2016, but the FEI confirmed yesterday that the three CCI4* events held prior to that date could choose to use the new requirements.

The new FEI CCI4* qualification requirements are as follows:

  • Uncategorized, Category C, and Category D riders must now obtain two CCI3* and two additional CIC3*.
  • Category B riders must obtain one CCI3* and three additional CIC3*, alongside National Federation requirements.
  • Category A riders must qualify for the four-star level by completing a CCI3* as a pair with the horse.
  • Categorized requirements for other levels now require some qualifications to be accomplished as a pair with the horse.
  • The definition of a Minimum Eligibility Requirement (MER) has been added to allow 11 penalties for breaking a frangible pin to qualify.

Hugh Thomas, director of Badminton Horse Trials, noted that the event’s unique qualification requirements will still remain in effect. Badminton requires an extra CCI3* or CIC3* completion for all except the Category A riders, as well as requiring that all horses must have placed in the top 50 percent of a CCI4* or top 25 percent of a CCI3*.

We are still waiting on confirmation from Luhmühlen as to whether or not the 2016 event will use the new CCI4* qualifications. This year Luhmühlen required an additional CCI3* completion for horses ridden by Category C or D (and presumably non-categorized) riders in addition to the FEI requirements.

The three CCI4* events that fall on the calendar after July 1, 2016 — Burghley, Pau and Adelaide — will all use the new CCI4* qualification requirements. All six CCI4* events will use the new requirements starting in 2017.

Click here to read more on the new CCI4* qualifications, plus see other notable FEI rule changes coming in 2016.

[New 2016 FEI Rules Overhaul CCI4* Qualifications]

USEA Board of Governors Convention Meeting Highlights

The USEA Board of Governors. Photo by David Taylor. The USEA Board of Governors. Photo by David Taylor.

The USEA Board of Governors had their first of two meetings at the Annual Meeting and Convention this morning at the Omni Shoreham Hotel and Resort in Washington, D.C. The various USEA Committees presented status reports and general association business was discussed. Here are a few highlights.

  • The Association is financially sound and in good standing. Total revenue this year was $4.3 million with $4.2 million in expenses. Area revenue is up 5% and expenses are up 0.3% with a surplus of $12.5k, which is up $30k from the year before. There is a slightly upward trend in membership. National starter numbers are also trending up, while FEI starter numbers have increased significantly.
  • The Board of Governors gave outgoing USEA CEO Jo Whitehouse a standing ovation, thanking her for her many years of service to the Association. Jo will continue to be involved in the sport as a fundraiser for the organization.
  • USEF President Chrystine Tauber was in attendance and reported on the work being done at the USEF. She said the challenge within the organization is to stay true to certain traditions while innovating to stay relevant. The USEF Board is smaller and more strategic than it has been in the past, and this year the Federation created a new mission and vision statement.The USEF mirrors the USEA’s own interest in creating a pathway for riders and bringing new people into the sport. Chrystine said we have to work together to achieve this goal and that for the first time ever, affiliate presidents and CEOs will come together in a round table session in order to approve communications within the governing organizations.
  • The USEA’s Equine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Study gathered data from competing horses at four events this year and they would like to work at another four events next year, extending the reach further West in order to gather data on a new set of horses. The Board unanimously moved to send the Development and Equine Medical Research Committees to discuss providing additional funding for the study. Jo stated that this study is garnering international attention and the results of the study are of interest around the world.
  • VP of Membership and Program Development Mark Hart reported that there is a concentration to make the sport more inclusive and give members options and opportunities to participate at recognized events. The Strategic Planning Committee chaired by Lou Leslie “explores the concepts that will keep the USEA viable and vibrant.” The development of the proposed DX Eventing division is an example of bringing these concepts to life.
  • We heard from Safety Committee Co-Chairs Sarah Broussard and Carol Kozlowski. They have tasked themselves with providing more education for cross country builders and course designers and will be assisted in that through the Course Designer’s Educational Grant announced this summer.Carol said they are also keeping a close eye on the studies on air vests that have been conducted in Britain. “It’s being recognized that we need to be better informed and educated as to the true effects they have in keeping our riders safe. We honestly don’t know as much about it as we should,” Carol said.

    There was much discussion regarding whether the USEA should recommend or require that helmets and air vests used in competition meet or exceed the minimum ASTM/SEI standards in horse sport. The current rules recommend that they meet the minimum standards, not require. The impassioned discussion was tabled and will be considered further in the coming days.

EN’s 12 Days of Christmas: Win a Prize Pack from Absorbine

Happy Holidays, EN! We’re bringing back our ever popular 12 Days of Christmas giveaways this year, and we’re kicking things off today with an awesome prize back from Absorbine.

Whether your horse has been naughty or nice this year, Absorbine has the perfect selection of prizes for the lucky winner. We’re teaming up with Absorbine to give away a Winter Muscle and Joint Package, which includes:

Absorbine Flex+Max pellets
Bigeloil Quilted Poultice Leg Wraps
Hooflex Ointment
Hooflex Thrush Remedy
Absorbine Veterinary Liniment

Seriously, our horses get more royal treatment than we do. How is this fair? Well played, horses. Well played.

To enter our first giveaway, simply use the Rafflecopter widget below. Each giveaway will end at midnight, so get those entries in quickly! Check tomorrow’s News & Notes to find out if you’re the lucky winner. Good luck!

Disclaimer: Information given in the Rafflecopter widget, including email addresses, may be shared with the corresponding sponsor at their request. You will also be signed up for our weekly EN eNews email newsletter, if you aren’t already. Don’t worry — you’ll just wonder what you’ve been missing out on — and you can unsubscribe if you don’t want it.

Friday News & Notes from FLAIR Nasal Strips

Just Ingrid Klimke on vacation with Pferdesafari in South Africa. Photo courtesy of Pferdesafari FB.

Just Ingrid Klimke on vacation with Pferdesafari in South Africa. Photo courtesy of Pferdesafari FB.

Today it FINALLY stopped raining! Oh my goodness was I glad to see the sun. Nothing like a little winter weather to really make you appreciate even a windy day in the 50’s, just because you’ve been through half a week of dreary rain. Virginia is known for it’s dramatic seasons, and while we don’t have snow (yet), it’s still pretty miserable when the sun isn’t shining. And then, of course, there is the resulting mud, in which both of my horses decided it was a great idea to lose shoes. At least they timed it on the same day so the farrier wasn’t too grumpy?

News From Around the Globe:

Winter coping strategies: how do you do it? For most riders, we’re now facing several months of cold, wet, yucky weather combined with muddy hairy horses and a general lack of motivation to keep going out there and working for it. You can deal with this in a number of ways. You can pull their shoes and say, ‘See ya later!’. You can get an indoor. You can get creative. Take it from a Vermonter (Denny Emerson) there are ways to keep yourself busy! [Winter Coping Strategies]

Sadly, yesterday the world lost champion racehorse Shared Belief to colic. While he was immediately attended to with emergency colic surgery, the veterinarians were unable to save him. With a near perfect race record, winning 10 of 12 starts including five grade one races and an Eclipse award, Shared Belief was a magnificent animal. A brilliant two, three, and four year old on the track, the gelding was looking forward to many years of competitive glory until his untimely end. [RIP Shared Belief]

The Organizing Committee of the Cloud Eleven Gavilan North LLC Carolina International is pleased to announce that the 2016 competition will be held in memory of Karen Stives. While honoring the legacy of the Olympic gold and silver medalist, the Carolina International will feature newly designed cross country tracks by renowned designer Ian Stark and will once again award unprecedented prize money across all divisions. Karen had a deep impact on the sport of eventing as a whole, but specifically enjoyed benefitting Carolina International, and giving her support to the event as she watched younger generations succeed.  [Carolina International]

Is your horse soft and supple to ride, or stiff and braced? Why is it, for either of these situations? Too often, we think only about what is in front of our eyes, in terms of “softening the poll” or flexing the neck one way or another, but we forget that the body position of the horse is the result of the entire body, as well as the mind. Excellent horseman Neil Davies writes, “When your horse feels light and supple, it’s the physical result of him being confident and relaxed and trying his hardest for you. A horse that’s light and supple feels the slightest signal and always tries to work out what’s wanted.” [Supple or Stiff]

Maybe you’re looking for an overseas adventure? Caroline Powell is looking for a new member of her team! The position includes pay and onsite accommodation. “Ability to use common sense and initiative more important than experience”. Also, must love grey horses. [Caroline Powell Eventing]

Best of Blogs: Bravery is Learned, Practice Your Guts

 

The Santa Anita Handicap, featuring Shared Belief, and everybody else:

 

[adrotate banner=”85″]